UFS - Universal Flash Storage

Duration: 4 days

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Universal Flash Storage (UFS) eLearning Course

Overview

MindShare's Universal Flash Storage (UFS) course begins with a high-level view of the architecture that provides the big-picture context of the hardware architecture and software interactions. Then, we drill down into details for each aspect of the UFS architecture.

What You Will Learn

  • UFS model and design goals
  • Definition and functionality of the design layers
  • Overview of the software stack
  • Basics of the UFS Host Controller Interface model
    • Device initialization
    • How command queues are set up and managed
    • How software Informs the controller of new commands and learns when commands have been completed
  • Extended features defined
  • Error reporting structures defined
  • Definition and functionality of the physical interface to the system
    • UniPro
    • M-PHY
  • Power management options for the device and the UniPro interface

Course Outline

Part 1 – Introduction

  • Background and design goals
  • UFS concepts and definitions
    • Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) objects and interactions
    • SCSI command set overview
  • Host-Controller Interface overview
  • UFS layers overview
  • Host-Controller Interface (HCI) overview
    • Queue Management
      • Doorbell Head and Tail registers
      • Legacy Transfer requests
      • Multiple Circular Queues (MCQ)
    • Register overview
    • Initialization
  • UFS Layers Overview
    • Application Layer
      • Commands delivered from HCI
      • Device manager overview
      • Task manager overview
      • Mechanism for Transfer requests
    • Transport Layer
      • Definition of UFS Protocol Information Units (UPIUs)
    • UniPro Interconnect (UIC) Layer

Part 2 – Host-Controller Interface (HCI)

  • Legacy HCI Transfer Requests
    • Definition of Transfer Request Descriptors
    • Types of Physical Region Descriptor Tables
    • Command priority
      • Within a command queue
      • Between Logical Units
    • Data UPIUs
      • Transfer hints from device within data UPIUs
  • Multiple Circular Queues
    • Comparison with NVMe
    • Initializing queues and supporting memory structures
    • Example of tracking queue pointers
  • HCI Register Details
    • Capability, status, operational, interrupts, and error structures
  • HCI Initialization
    • Set up registers
    • Initialize all 3 layers
    • Host-Device optimizations
      • Timestamps
      • Context management
      • Event alerts
    • UIC Initialization

Part 3 – Application and Transport Layers

  • Simplified list of SCSI Commands supported
  • Setup and use of Logical Units in device
  • Exception events
  • Dynamic Capacity feature to extend drive life
  • Data caching feature
  • Details of UPIUs
  • Details of UFS descriptors, attributes, and flags, accessed with Query commands
  • Extended features
    • Host Performance Booster
    • File-Based Optimization
    • Unified Memory Extension
  • Error reporting

Part 4 – UFS Interconnect Layer

  • MIPI UniPro overview
  • Definition of terms
  • UniPro Layers
    • Transport layer (L4)
    • Network layer (L3)
    • Link layer (L2)
      • Flow control protocol
      • Frame acknowledgement protocol
    • Phy Adapter layer (L1.5) and M-PHY (L1)
      • Transmitter operation
      • Receiver operation
    • M-PHY (L1) details
      • Definition of terms
      • Signaling rates
      • 8b/10b Encoding
      • Power conservation
      • Maintaining signal integrity
      • M-PHY Module state machines
  • Link Initialization
    • UniPro state machine
    • Low-speed mode startup sequence
    • High-speed mode startup sequence
    • Discovery and Configuration
      • Determine shared capabilities
      • Configure attributes

Part 5 – Power Management

  • Device power management
    • Power mode states
    • Power changes
  • UniPro power management
    • State machine
    • Power changes

Additional Topic – Reference M-PHY Module Interface (RMMI)

  • Introduction
  • Definition of terms
  • Examples of operation
  • Protocol throttling

Training Materials

Prerequisites

Previous exposure to SCSI, and a serial transport like PCIe is very helpful. Such familiarity is expected and so those topics are not covered in detail.

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